Fillings are used to restore teeth to their normal shape, appearance, and function by filling in cavities caused by tooth decay. Fissure sealants are of value in the prevention of tooth decay as they fill in the natural pits and fissures in the back (molar) teeth where dental decay occurs most often.

If food particles and plaque remain in contact with teeth for extended periods due to improper brushing or the nature of food like sticky or sweet, then a collection of bacteria accumulate causing toxins and acid release which dissolve the enamel. This enamel or the top layer of the tooth begins to discolor gradually depending on how much it has dissolved or weakened from light yellow- dark yellow – light brown -dark brown-grey and finally jet black. If not treated at this stage that portion of the tooth will chip away and become what we call a ‘cavity’.

When decay occurs to varying degrees this is what it will look like,

It starts with Mild sensitivity to cold water Transient Sensitivity to eating sweet Prolonged sensation on hot or cold things Slight pain on biting or chewing Electric sensation or sudden sensitivity on certain foods Constant pain that lasts for hours and will need medication.

Filling materials earlier ranged from silver amalgam fillings to cement-like glass ionomers. But now the most widely used option is a composite material, a kind of plastic that is soft before and hardens while chemically bonding to your teeth when cured with a UV light.

A filling procedure if permanent and when done with tooth-colored composite allows you to eat immediately with no precautions. Your tooth is as good as new and you pretty much can’t make out where the filing was done. You may feel symptoms ranging from mild to moderate sensitivity which should all settle within 48 hours. Bite adjustment may be needed if the filling is slightly over or under the level of your bite. You must not continue to experience any food lodgement or prolonged sensitivity after this procedure.

Decay or cavities can be prevented by a variety of preventive procedures like applying sealants in the fissures of teeth to prevent food lodgement and fluoride application to attract more calcium and protect the tooth from bacterial acid breakdown. Fillings once done can be maintained by proper home care measures including brushing, mouthwash, and flossing.

Contrary to popular expectation where people think fillings are forever, a filling lasts anywhere from 3-7 years on average but needs annual regular checkups. Always lookout for any discoloration, darkening, or chipping under the filling this shows a breakdown or wear and indicates the need for replacement.